Tuesday, December 18, 2007

Cymatics








http://www.cymatherapy.com/
(under sound Articles
Titled:Cymatics Today with Elizabeth Colorio)

Cymatics - Church Architecture

The symbols carved into the ceiling of Rosslyn Chapel in Midlothian, Scotland, have been the marvel of historians for many generations. The Knights Templar founded Rosslyn Chapel in 1477. The chapel's history and legend claim that it has reverently housed some of the most precious religious and historical artifacts passed down from the ages, including the Ark of the Covenant, the real Stone of Destiny, the heart of Robert Bruce, and the head of Jesus Christ. There are 213 cubes in its architecture, all embellished with symbols that are believed to be ancient musical notations of melodies that were spiritually significant to the people in that 15th-century town.

Currently, a select group of eight scientists and musical experts are trying to decipher the symbols engraved on these cubes. It is believed that the vibrations representing each musical note were first visually created by covering a thin brass plate with sand and then strumming a musical note with a bow placed against the plate. The visual representation of the musical note could then be seen in the distinctive patterns that the vibrations of that note created in the shifted sand.

To capture and record the notes of their music for posterity, experts feel, stonemasons copied these sand patterns, carving them onto the cubes. In this way, the musical melody played at religious ceremonies in the building could be recorded for the ages.

Warwick Edwards, a specialist in Medieval and Renaissance music from Glasgow University, believes that the sculptures on the cubes may actually be an ancient way of recording music. Stephen Prior, an author and historian, researching the history of Rosslyn, has come to the conclusion that these musical notations represent a healing chant from the Middle Ages.

Images and excerpt are based on: "Japanese bid to solve mystery of the Rosslyn cubes," The Scotsman Publications Ltd, copyright 2002 by scotsman.com. It was written by Claire Gardner for Scotland on Sunday, June 16, 2002. See News.Scotsman.com.

http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/themes/aesthetics_of_the_digital/cybernetic_aesthetics/1/

Cybernetic Aesthetics and Communication -Claudia Giannetti

Although the approaches of cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence revolutionized subject areas of science as well as its interdisciplinary modes of proceeding, scientists continued to be bound to certain philosophical traditions in the field of logic. The course of formalization research, which has its origins in the Middle Ages, shows how objective truth was increasingly placed within the context of logic and mathematics, and the search for metaphysical truth gradually moved closer to fieldsin the area of sensory perception, such as art. On the basis of these givens it is possible to follow a development that began in the Middle Ages with the mechanized procedures of logical operations and leads into the twentieth century with the application of heuristic techniques in systems of Artificial Intelligence.



Cymatics - Magnetism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ViMy_aIm5Q&feature=related

Magnetism
http://www.tombender.org/energeticsarticles/qi_physics.pdf

http://www.tombender.org/qienergyslideshow/index.html

Sunday, December 16, 2007

ICE BUOY: Measuring Sea Ice Thickness

(1) Data collector, batteries, barometer, satellite transmitter; (2) Satellite antenna; (3) Sensor to measure temperature through ice to the water; (4) Air temperature sensor; (5) Pinger monitors surface melting/growth; (6) Pinger monitors underside erosion/growth

The record withdrawal of sea ice has been well documented, but the region also hit a number of other firsts.
Some ocean temperature measurements were unprecedented, and 2007 also set a new record for melting snow over the Greenland ice sheet. >>more

NZ - Australian -USA Data







NEW ZEALAND DATA

http://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/intl-connections/8041
http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Home.do?Portal=amd_nz&MetadataType=0

National Antarctic Date Centre (NADC)

The Antarctic Treaty (Article III (3) (c)) states that all Antarctic Treaty signatories shall "promote international co-operation in scientific investigation by exchanging, and making freely available, scientific observations and results from Antarctica."

Metadata Guidelines and Forms
Joint Committee on Antarctic Data Management
Antarctic Master Directory
Portal to New Zealand's AMD data

Antarctica New Zealand Data Center
Center for Global Warming

http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Home.do?Portal=amd_nz&MetadataType=0
http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Keywords.do?Portal=amd_nz&KeywordPath=Parameters%7CCRYOSPHERE&MetadataType=0&lbnode=gcmd3


FROZEN GROUND (8)
soil temperature, permafrost, active layer, periglacial processes, seasonally frozen ground...
SEA ICE (4)
ice floes, ice temperature, reflectance...
GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS (8)
glaciers, ice sheets, glacier mass balance/ice sheet mass balance, glacier motion/ice sheet motion, glacier topography/ice sheet topography...
SNOW/ICE (9)
permafrost, snow/ice chemistry, snow/ice temperature, albedo, ice growth/melt...

Description: New Zealand ITASE project report

http://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/
Data Center Antarctica New Zealand, New Zealand Antarctic Institute,
Data Center URL: http://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/
NZ ITASE - Climate Variability Along the Victoria Land Coast
Summary
International polar ice coring programmes (e.g. GISP and Vostok) have provided
powerful new insights into Earth's climate back 400,000 years, from the diverse
inventory of atmospheric information stored both within the ice and trapped air
bubbles. To understand and predict the local response to anthropogenically
induced global warming seen in these "global" ice ...

Parameters>SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS>IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS>MAGNETIC FIELDS/MAGNETIC CURRENTS
http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=amd_nz&KeywordPath=Parameters%7CSUN-EARTH+INTERACTIONS%7CIONOSPHERE%2FMAGNETOSPHERE+DYNAMICS%7CMAGNETIC+FIELDS%2FMAGNETIC+CURRENTS&OrigMetadataNode=GCMD&EntryId=K069_2004_2005_NZ_1&MetadataView=Brief&MetadataType=0&lbnode=gcmd3

Induction magnetometer data, Arrival heights, Scott Base, Antarctica

Summary
The data represent two horizontal components of the Earth magnetic field
variations dB/dt measured by induction coils at Arrival heights, Scott Base,
Antarctica.

Related URL
Link: VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE http://plasma.newcastle.edu.au/plasma/
Description:
Space Physics Group, The University of Newcastle, Australia

Data Center Personnel - FOR BOTH PROJECTS
Name: SHULAMIT GORDON
Phone: +64 3 358 0200
Fax: +64 3 358 0211
Email: s.gordon at antarcticanz.govt.nz
Antarctica New Zealand, New Zealand Antarctic Institute, New Zealand
Data Center URL: http://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/

Antarctic Master Directory - (International)
http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Home.do?Portal=amd&MetadataType=0




AUSTRALIAN DATA
http://www.aad.gov.au/


Climate Data Online

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/ca_ant_nos.shtml

Climate statistics for Australian sites

Antarctica

Sorted by site number

The locations on this page are sorted by site number. An alternative list of locations sorted by site name is also available. Averages for most sites can also be accessed via a map.

Type of statistic Site number Site name
Monthly Statistics 300000DAVIS
Monthly Statistics 300001MAWSON
Monthly Statistics 300004MACQUARIE ISLAND
Monthly Statistics 300006CASEY (THE TUNNEL)
Monthly Statistics 300017CASEY

AMERICAN DATA

Automatic Weather Stations Project
And Antarctic Meteorological Research Center

Space Science and Engineering Center
University of Wisconsin-Madison
http://ice.ssec.wisc.edu/realtime.html

Automatic Weather Station Observations

Antarctic Composite Satellite Images

Polar Orbiting Satellite Images

Surface Observations

Polar Navigation Tracks

Numerical Weather Prediction Displays


Ship and Buoy Observations

Pilot Reports

Upper Air/Radiosonde Observations
Skew-T Diagrams and Hodographs
The following comprise our available Skew-T log-P diagrams and Hodographs of the weather balloons launched from around Antarctica updated every 3 hours showing data the most recent of two launch times at 0 and 12 UTC. Some stations will not have data available or will be available 6 or 9 hours after observation time. The Skew-T chart displays a profile of temperature, dewpoint and winds from the manditory levels in the balloon flight. The Hodograph displays the winds as a radial chart from the manditory levels in the balloon flight.

Movies and Animations

Webcam Images

http://www-nsidc.colorado.edu/agdc/Overview
http://nsidc.org/data/icesat/detailed_disclaimer.html



This page summarizes changes and known limitations associated with each release of ICESat/GLAS data. Changes in input data and algorithms result in a new release, set by the GLAS Software Development Team. Products generated with a new release may be processed forward in time or reprocessed from earlier data.
The Antarctic Glaciological Data Center (AGDC) at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) archives and distributes Antarctic glaciological and cryospheric system data collected by the U.S. Antarctic Program.

http://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Icesat homepage

http://nsidc.org/daac/icesat/

Why Study Ice Cores
Related Links
http://nicl.usgs.gov/links.htm
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/projects/
http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/data.html
The MY NASA DATA Live Access Server (LAS) is now available to create your own microsets for your class or your interests. The LAS contains over 128 parameters in atmospheric and earth science from five NASA scientific projects.

http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/agu2007_tips.html
FRAMEWORK FOR PRODUCING ECOLOGICAL 'NOWCASTS'
TIME: Tues., Dec. 11, 11 a.m. EST (8 a.m. PST) MS Exhibit Hall B
SESSION: IN21A-0073
The Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System is a data and modeling software system that seamlessly integrates data from satellite, aircraft and ground sensors, and weather/climate models with application models to quickly produce operational "nowcasts" and forecasts of ecological conditions. Presenters will discuss how automated data retrieval, pre-processing, integration and modeling steps enable the system to provide data on current and predicted ecosystem conditions.


Antartica - Victoria University


















Project Proposal to Dhiresh Hansarajon
Meeting minutes: Friday 14th Dec

http://www.victoria.ac.nz/antarctic/

Dhiresh Hansaraj: MSc in Geophysics
Thesis title:Mapping Pliocene-Pleistocene seismic sequences in the Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica.
Project aim: To process and interpret new and existing seismic reflection data on the Ross Ice Shelf, adjacent to Ross Island, Antarctica.


Context of Research: Climate Change

Dhiresh was responding to:
John Mercer
1978- Prediction of 5-6m sea level rise
Milankovitch Cycles and Glaciation
Plus human influence

Base Data: marine seismic testing in McMurdo Sound
Seismic testing was to establish where sediment was well preserved
- not effected by ice advancing and receding in which sediment would be stripped
this stripping=stripping of "data" - like missing tree rings


Dhiresh classified his data as static - it could not be "strung together as moving snapshots"
It would also need to be stripped to be made user - friendly
Strong relationships could be made between seismic and the ice core data
The ice core reflected a 10cm record going back millions of years
The seismic data had ramification's for kms
the context was enlarged by other larger projects collecting seismic records in the basin (not just on the ice)

Marcia proposes visualizations of data through changing elevations
Dhiresh saw it through advancing receding coastline

Dhiresh is going to inform Peter Nash of the project and see what other data is available.
It is open to assist but is going overseas in the new year.

The larger aim of the Drilling on Ross Shelf is to understand how the Ross Shelf is behaving. So the pool of data - could involved: ice melt; temp; carbon - dioxide etc.


LINKS/REFERENCES FROM MEETING

http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/time1/milankov.htm
Milankovitch Cycles and Glaciation:
The episodic nature of the Earth's glacial and interglacial periods within the present Ice Age (the last couple of million years) have been caused primarily by cyclical changes in the Earth's circumnavigation of the Sun.

Data Gathering: Stress-Triggering
Currently in California, Japan, Turkey
(would happen Wellington or NZ have this level)
Current Data Requests from GeoNet : http://www.geonet.org.nz/resources/basic-data/seismic-data/index.html


GNS Science Earthquake information
http://www.gns.cri.nz/what/earthact/earthquakes/index.html


Milankovitch Cycles and Glaciation:
http://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/time1/milankov.htm

The episodic nature of the Earth's glacial and interglacial periods within the present Ice Age (the last couple of million years) have been caused primarily by cyclical changes in the Earth's circumnavigation of the Sun. Variations in the Earth's eccentricity, axial tilt, and precessionthe advance and retreat of Earth's glaciers. comprise the three dominant cycles, collectively known as the Milankovitch Cycles for Milutin Milankovitch, the Serbian astronomer who is generally credited with calculating their magnitude. Taken in unison, variations in these three cycles creates alterations in the seasonality of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. These times of increased or decreased solar radiation directly influence the Earth's climate system, thus impacting

It is of primary importance to explain that climate change, and subsequent periods of glaciation, resulting from the following three variables is not due to the total amount of solar energy reaching Earth. The three Milankovitch Cycles impact the seasonality and location of solar energy around the Earth, thus impacting contrasts between the seasons.



http://www.geonet.org.nz/resources/basic-data/seismic-data/index.html

Seismic Data
The GeoNet seismic data holdings may be queried, and data retrieved, using AutoDRM (Automatic Data Request Manager).

Broadband Guralp CMG-3ESP seismometer.

Broadband Guralp CMG-3ESP seismometer.

Introduction

AutoDRM is an email-based request tool for seismic data collected by the GeoNet project from broadband instruments of the New Zealand National Seismograph Network, the regional networks' (mainly) short-period seismometers, and the national strong motion network accelerographs. Request emails are to be addressed to autodrm @ geonet.org.nz. The station codes may be viewed on the network maps, and the site locations and operational dates may be found in DELTA.

Data Formats

The GeoNet AutoDRM supports three data formats for the extraction of waveforms; GSE2.0, SEED, and miniSEED. Data may be requested in these formats by supplying one of the following arguments to the WAVEFORM parameter of the request email: GSE2.0, SEED, MSEED.



Mercer, J.H. 1978.

"West Antarctic ice sheet and CO 2 greenhouse effect: a threat of disaster."
Nature 271:321-325.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v271/n5643/abs/271321a0.html

http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/contextsummary/1100856/0
West Antarctic ice sheet and CO2 greenhouse effect: a threat of disaster

J. H. Mercer

If the global consumption of fossil fuels continues to grow at its present rate, atmospheric CO2 content will double in about 50 years. Climatic models suggest that the resultant greenhouse-warming effect will be greatly magnified in high latitudes. The computed temperature rise at lat 80° S could start rapid deglaciation of West Antarctica, leading to a 5 m rise in sea level.
This paper is cited in the following contexts:

Assessing Climate Change: Co-evolution of Knowledge.. - Long, Iles (1997) (Correct)

....would likely cause catastrophic WAIS disintegration. He projected that, based on then current fossil fuel consumption, a rapid five meter rise in sea level caused by deglaciation of West Antartica may be imminent or in progress after atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have only doubled (Mercer, 1978). Mercer s (1978) article directed a great deal of attention to the possibility of WAIS disintegration and subsequent sea level rise (Oerlemans, 1989) As a result, sea level rise assessments during the late 1970s (e.g. the DOE AAAS workshop (DOE 1980) and Schneider and Chen (1980) referred to ....

....cause catastrophic WAIS disintegration. He projected that, based on then current fossil fuel consumption, a rapid five meter rise in sea level caused by deglaciation of West Antartica may be imminent or in progress after atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have only doubled (Mercer, 1978) Mercer s (1978) article directed a great deal of attention to the possibility of WAIS disintegration and subsequent sea level rise (Oerlemans, 1989) As a result, sea level rise assessments during the late 1970s (e.g. the DOE AAAS workshop (DOE 1980) and Schneider and Chen (1980) referred to and utilized ....


Friday, December 14, 2007

Northern Lights

Source of the Northern Lights discovered

Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Installations notes

Liminal Thresholds: Marcia Lyons

Installations notes:

One Projector:

http://www.critical-mas.tv/open_nature.html#
opens: “ICE TV” 2007 proposal visualization tests
((open_nature))
Web Proposal

Two Projector:
STEREO VISION – PROCESSING, “EQ Forensics”
Desktop Stereo Only/ http://www.critical-mas.tv/open_nature.html#
(EQ-vis (version eg 6 this get updated) .pde = processing)
right click open with PROCESSING–

Stereo Projection: to align the two screens/projectors- hit backspace(delete) to view cross-hair grid
move one window right until the edge line becomes a single dash line – lining up the processing with the stereo projections
to gauge alignment – there is a 1 pixel line of dashes- too thick and it is too near, disappears it is too far

press N = to reload data processing browser – or – close grid and hit RUN, apple R – *it will retain the grid until processing is quit out of-

to run: apple R or yellow arrow in processing
Apple Q to quit or ESC

Data: 7 day earthquake recording

Three Projector:
ANTARCTICA Live OPEN NATURE – PROCESSING
Lanshare: Tutor/Marcia/Antartica/Antartic-new/Antartic-new.pde - right click open with processing
(no alignment issues opens full screen)

*note: mic could feed off voice and/or computer speakers
Sound: check audio input– system pref/sound/
*input imac USB audiosystem– check input: volume full – clap to check mic is pick up
check output: up

To run/play: apple R or yellow arrow in processing menu

Key 1,2,3,4, - to oscillate between 4 different Antarctic ‘live’ webcams bases
each indicated by different colour

Data: temp, wind direction, sonic input, webcam live- every 1min

Tuesday, December 11, 2007

Scientists - contacts + Data = ICESat

Esoteric Agenda
A challenge to global warming as a untruth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dhxp-720z1Y
original source
http://www.consciousmedianetwork.com/video/121207.htm

DATA-SOURCES
http://oiswww.eumetsat.org/VLab/cgi/view.pl?format=short&section=Useful%20Links%20to%20Live%20DataVL Resource Library - Useful Links to Live Data

http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/data.html
The MY NASA DATA Live Access Server (LAS) is now available to create your own microsets for your class or your interests. The LAS contains over 128 parameters in atmospheric and earth science from five NASA scientific projects.

MAJOR STARTING POINT FOR DATA


Digital rendering of ICESat ICESat
http://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/
ICESat (Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite) is the benchmark Earth Observing System mission for measuring ice sheet mass balance, cloud and aerosol heights, as well as land topography and vegetation characteristics. The ICESat mission will provide multi-year elevation data needed to determine ice sheet mass balance as well as cloud property information, especially for stratospheric clouds common over polar areas. It will also provide topography and vegetation data around the globe, in addition to the polar-specific coverage over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.

http://icesat.gsfc.nasa.gov/list.php

About the Branch: About Home
http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/csb/subpages/?section=About%20the%20Branch

Cryospheric research within the Branch addresses the physics of ice sheets and glaciers, sea ice, snow on ice and land, and their roles in the global climate system. Laboratory technology efforts develop new approaches to remote sensing measurements of critical physical processes. Previous Laboratory research, which led to the TOPEX/Poseidon mission, has now led also to Goddard leadership of the ICESat/GLAS altimeter—including present Laboratory support of GLAS data processing—plus ice sheet altimetry, the Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter (MOLA), and our strong airborne ice topography validation program. We expect these activities to continue.

Despite problems with the instrument, ICESat has produced stunning results that extend well beyond the planned polar ice sheet program goals to include sea ice measurements and new applications to Earth topology and even land water run-off and forest height measurements. For the Laboratory, Goddard and NASA, this is an on-going development of highest priority with broad, across-the-board application for Earth science needs and we expect Laboratory staff to assist with a long-lifetime, advanced-laser ICESat follow-on mission proposal.

Jay Zwally - Senior Research Scientisthttp://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/csb/personnel/index.php?page=profile&pers_id=10

Phone: 301-614-5643
Fax: 301-614-5644

Email: E-mail Jay Zwally

Address:
Cryospheric Sciences Branch
Code 614.1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland USA 20771

His recent research includes leading a comprehensive analysis of the mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and ice shelves, the discovery of the melt-acceleration effect on the flow of the Greenland ice sheet, and the first comprehensive mapping of sea ice freeboard and thickness distributions.

Since 1979, he has been a leading scientist promoting satellite laser altimetry for ice sheet mass balance studies, leading to the launch of the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) in 2003. Currently, he is the ICESat Project Scientist and a member of the science teams for the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), the Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter (MOLA), and ENVISAT and CRYOSAT Calibration/Validation.

DATA

ICESat elevationa dn cloud Illustration.

ICESat data are distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). GLAS produces 16 data products including Levels 1A, 1B, and 2 laser altimetry and atmospheric lidar data. Visit this website...

http://nsidc.org/daac/icesat/
The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) is the sole instrument on the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). The main objective of the ICESat mission is to measure ice sheet elevations and changes in elevation through time. Secondary objectives include measurement of cloud and aerosol height profiles, land elevation and vegetation cover, and sea ice thickness. ICESat will enable scientists to study the Earth's climate and, ultimately, predict how ice sheets and sea level will respond to future climate change.

ICESat has a near-circular and near-polar 91-day orbit with a 33-day repeat cycle, at an altitude of approximately 600 km, providing global coverage between 86°N and 86°S.

The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) archives and distributes 15 products, including Levels 1A, 1B, and 2 laser altimetry and atmospheric lidar data. The initial data stream is approximately 20 GB per day.

http://nsidc.org/data/icesat/index.html


IMAGERY

ICESat elevationa dn cloud Illustration.

This figure illustrates ice sheet elevation and cloud data from ICESat's GLAS on its first day of operation February 20, 2003. For more information on this image, and to view more images, click on the picture or follow this link...

See Also

Related Data Sets


http://neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory
614.1 Cryospheric Sciences Branch 614.1 Cryospheric Sciences Branch
614.2 Ocean Sciences Branch 614.2 Ocean Sciences Branch
614.3 Hydrological Sciences Branch 614.3 Hydrological Sciences Branch
614.4 Biospheric Sciences Branch 614.4 Biospheric Sciences Branch
614.5 Terrestrial Information Systems Branch 614.5 Terrestrial Information Systems Branch
614.6 Instrumentation Sciences Branch 614.6 Instrumentation Sciences Branch


Articles newscientist.com

http://environment.newscientist.com/search.ns?doSearch=true&query=ice+melt

Search Results - ice

You have 267 results - Showing 1 to 25

sort by: relevance | date

Ice

Esoteric Agenda
A challenge to global warming as a untruth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dhxp-720z1Y
original source
http://www.consciousmedianetwork.com/video/121207.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5-F30YFEv8
ice melt

ice: cnn.com

WEB RESULTS
1-5 of 540,000
Abrupt Climate Change : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Is Global Sea Level Rising? From the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Oceans &
Climate: The Ocean’s Role in Climate & Climate Change (pdf version) ...
http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=12455

Are We on the Brink of a 'New Little Ice Age?' : Woods Hole ...
The issue centers around the paradox that global warming could instigate a new
Little Ice Age in the northern hemisphere. Evidence for abrupt climate change ...
http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=12455&tid=282&cid=10046

Special Report on Climate Change - New Scientist Environment
Thanks to global warming, the risk of severe thunderstorms could double by 2100,
.... Climate change has emptied the North-West Passage of ice, ...
http://environment.newscientist.com/channel/earth/climate-change/

Global Climate Change: Research Explorer - Cryosphere
Global Glacier Volume Change (1960–1998) - National Snow and Ice Data Center ...
an overview of the status of snow and ice as indicators of climate change. ...
http://www.exploratorium.edu/climate/cryosphere/index.html

Greg Stone | Global Climate Change: The Ross Ice Shelf | WGBH ...
Global Climate Change: The Ross Ice Shelf Greg Stone, Global Marine Programs,
New England Aquarium The Southern Ocean, the body of water surrounding ...
http://forum.wgbh.org/wgbh/forum.php?lecture_id=1112

Articles - cnn.com - planet.in.peril

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2007/planet.in.peril/
http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/07/11/globalwarming.overview/index.html

Global warming: A natural cycle or human result?

He calls his discovery Warming Island.
Explorer Dennis Schmitt found an island nearly two years ago near Greenland
Many climatologists and scientists say arctic ice melt and other changes in the Earth's climate are the result of an increase in the world's temperature, a trend widely called global warming.

http://topics.cnn.com/topics/global_climate_change
http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/12/11/arctic.melt.ap/index.html#cnnSTCText
Scientist: 'Arctic is screaming'
  • Story Highlights
  • Record melt seen all over the Arctic in 2007
  • Scientists worry global warming has passed an ominous tipping point
  • What happens in the Arctic has implications for the rest of the world

Greenland's ice sheet melted nearly 19 billion tons more than the previous high mark, and the volume of Arctic sea ice at summer's end was half what it was just four years earlier, according to new NASA satellite data obtained by The Associated Press.

"The Arctic is screaming," said Mark Serreze, senior scientist at the government's snow and ice data center in Boulder, Colorado.

This week, after reviewing his own new data, NASA climate scientist Jay Zwally said: "At this rate, the Arctic Ocean could be nearly ice-free at the end of summer by 2012, much faster than previous predictions."
"The Arctic is often cited as the canary in the coal mine for climate warming," said Zwally, who as a teenager hauled coal. "Now as a sign of climate warming, the canary has died. It is time to start getting out of the coal mines."
White sea ice reflects about 80 percent of the sun's heat off Earth, NASA's Zwally said. When there is no sea ice, about 90 percent of the heat goes into the ocean which then warms everything else up. Warmer oceans then lead to more melting.

n the United States, a weakened Arctic blast moving south to collide with moist air from the Gulf of Mexico can mean less rain and snow in some areas, including the drought-stricken Southeast, said Michael MacCracken, a former federal climate scientist who now heads the nonprofit Climate Institute.

"I don't pay much attention to one year ... but this year the change is so big, particularly in the Arctic sea ice, that you've got to stop and say, 'What is going on here?' You can't look away from what's happening here," said Waleed Abdalati, NASA's chief of cyrospheric sciences.
A record amount of surface ice was lost over Greenland this year, 12 percent more than the previous worst year, 2005, according to data the University of Colorado released Monday.

But temperature measurements 66 feet deep in the frozen soil rose nearly four-tenths of a degree from 2006 to 2007, according to measurements from the University of Alaska. While that may not sound like much, "it's very significant," said University of Alaska professor Vladimir Romanovsky.

According to that pattern, 2007 shouldn't have been a major melt year, but it was, said Konrad Steffen, of the University of Colorado, which gathered the latest data.

Other new data, from a NASA satellite, measures ice volume. NASA geophysicist Scott Luthcke, reviewing it and other Greenland numbers, concluded: "We are quite likely entering a new regime."
NASA scientist James Hansen, the lone-wolf researcher often called the godfather of global warming, on Thursday will tell scientists and others at a meeting of researchers in San Francisco that in some ways Earth has hit one of his so-called tipping points, based on Greenland melt data.

Last year, Cecilia Bitz at the University of Washington and Marika Holland at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado startled their colleagues when they predicted an Arctic free of sea ice in just a few decades. Both say they are surprised by the dramatic melt of 2007.